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The relations between Pope Pius IX and Judaism were off to a good start at the beginning of his papacy, although relations later soured after anti-clerical revolutions provoked a loss of the pontiff's temporal power. And while Pius personally rejected charges of antisemitism, the rift created by the Mortara Affair undermined his authority throughout his long pontificate. ==Status in the Papal States== The Papal States were a theocracy in which the Catholic Church and Catholics had more rights than members of other religions. Protestants and Jews were not admitted to the Papal government, or to the social circles of Rome, nor did they have the same standing as members of the Catholic faith. The precise legal difference is difficult to pin down, as there existed no bill of rights or even a clear collection of laws in the Papal States at the time of Pius IX.〔Schmidlin 44 ff〕 Even ecclesiastical laws (canon law) were not formalized until 1917, some forty years after the death of Pope Pius IX. Early in his pontificate, in 1847, Pius IX baptized four Roman Jews and welcomed them personally with warm words into the Catholic Church.〔Pougeois I, p. 184.〕 ==Legislative discrimination and intolerance== At Pius IX's accession in 1846, Jews in Rome were required to live in a ghetto, a separated quarter of the city. His relations with them changed over time. He repealed laws that forbade Jews to practice certain professions. He rescinded laws which required them to listen to sermons four times per year aimed at their conversion. Judaism and Catholicism were the only religions allowed by law (Protestant worship was allowed to visiting foreigners, but forbidden to Italians). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pope Pius IX and Judaism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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